1. q — Search Query
Specifies the search terms.
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools
2. gl — Geolocation
Sets the country for search results (not the interface).
Values: Two-letter country code (e.g., US, UA, IN).
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&gl=UA
3. hl — Interface Language
Specifies the language of Google’s interface and some localized results.
Values: Language codes such as en, fr, uk.
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&hl=en
4. tbs — Time-Based or Filtered Search
Filters results by time or other search tools.
Common Values:
qdr:h — Past hour
qdr:d — Past 24 hours
qdr:w — Past week
qdr:m — Past month
qdr:y — Past year
cdr:1,cd_min:MM/DD/YYYY,cd_max:MM/DD/YYYY — Custom date range
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&tbs=qdr:m
5. tbm — Search Type
Specifies the vertical search category.
Values:
isch — Images
nws — News
vid — Videos
bks — Books
shop — Shopping
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&tbm=isch
6. start — Pagination
Determines which result index to start from.
Values: Integer multiples of 10 (0, 10, 20, …).
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&start=10
7. num — Number of Results (Limited / Disabled)
Previously limited results per page. Google now ignores this parameter for most users.
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&num=20
8. safe — SafeSearch Filter
Enables or disables Google SafeSearch.
Values:
active — Enable
off — Disable
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&safe=active
9. cr — Region Restriction
Restricts results to a specific country (may be influenced by personalization).
Values: countryXX (e.g., countryUS, countryUA)
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&cr=countryUA
10. uule — Encoded Location
Encodes a user’s location to influence local results.
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&uule=w+CAIQICIUUG9ydGxhbmQsIE9yZWdvbiwgVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlcw==
11. pws — Personalized Search
Controls personalized search results.
Values:
0 — Disable personalization
1 — Enable (default)
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&pws=0
12. filter — Duplicate Results Filter
Controls whether Google filters similar results.
Values:
1 — Default (filter duplicates)
0 — Show all results
Example:
https://www.google.com/search?q=seo+tools&filter=0
💡 Usage Tips
Combine multiple parameters using &.
gl, cr, and uule may not fully override personalization unless pws=0 is also used.
Most parameters work in combination to refine regional, temporal, and topical targeting.